WITCH HAZEL FOR ACNE SKIN
The aims of this study were to further explore the anti-inflammatory activity of these plant extracts, commonly used in the skin care industry, and two formulations containing them, to assess their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity using primary human skin fibroblasts. Rose is mostly added in its essential oil form to products for its fragrance while rose water is a traditional eye lotion. White tea has antiseptic and antioxidant properties while witch hazel has long been used for skin trouble such as acne as an astringent and antiseptic. In the scientific literature, white tea and witch hazel are reported for topical treatment of skin disorders. These herbs are often included in skin care products and are usually advertised for their astringent and antioxidant properties. The herbs white tea ( Camellia sinensis Kuntze), Rose ( Rosa alternifolia L.) and witch hazel ( Hamamelis virginiana L.) were recently reported to have high polyphenolic contents and to exhibit high activities in antioxidant assays, along with potential anti-ageing activity via inhibition of collagenase and elastase. Polyphenols in green tea can protect against 1 mM H 2O 2 induced damage in bladder cells, with epicatechin gallate (ECG) exhibiting strong protective effects across three bladder cell lines. Green tea and its constituents have also been studied for their potential to protect cells from oxidative damage. Carthamus tinctorius - a plant widely used to treat circulation problems has been found to prevent H 2O 2 -induced oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells at low concentrations (2-10 μg/mL). Pure compounds such as apigenin, capsaicin, chrysin, kaempferol, and quercetin reduced IL-6 secretion. Dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of chilli pepper prevented TNF-α secretion and enhanced IL-10 production. These extracts all led to a reduction in IL-6 secretion. Chilli pepper extract was shown to have the strongest anti-inflammatory activity along with allspice, apple, basil, bay leaves, black pepper and liquorice, to name but a few. The reported anti-inflammatory mechanisms included reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion, and reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase expression. screened 30 extracts from a wide range of plant families for their anti-inflammatory activities in macrophage cells. Many herbal extracts and natural products prevent or reduce oxidative stress in in vitro models.
Since an increase in the formation of the ROS hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) has been associated with inflamed and diseased tissues, H 2O 2 can be used to induce oxidative stress in cells and therefore may provide a method to evaluate antioxidant activity of plant extracts. Multiple studies have revealed that the skin is very sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Challenges of this nature can contribute to skin ageing and inflammation which is characterised by oxidative damage.
As the largest organ in the body, the skin provides a barrier against UV radiation, chemicals, microbes and physical pollutants.
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